Which term describes the issues caused by industrialization and urbanization?

The term that best describes the issues caused by industrialization and urbanization is overcrowding. As people migrated to cities in search of jobs and better opportunities due to industrialization, urban areas experienced significant population growth. This rapid influx of people often led to overcrowded living conditions, as housing infrastructure struggled to accommodate the rising population. Overcrowding can result in various social issues such as inadequate housing, strained public services, increased pollution, and heightened competition for jobs and resources.

In contrast, the other terms do not capture the negative consequences associated with rapid urbanization. Prosperity typically refers to wealth and success, which, while present in growing industries, does not encompass the challenges many faced during this transition. Stability implies a state of being steady or unchanged, which does not accurately reflect the tumultuous changes brought by industrialization. Finally, technological advancement acknowledges the positive developments that came from industrial growth, but it overlooks the social problems like overcrowding that emerged alongside those advancements.