Which of the following was a major issue during John Adams's presidency?

During John Adams's presidency, a significant issue that arose was the XYZ Affair. This diplomatic incident took place in the late 1790s and involved a confrontation between the United States and France. The French foreign minister sought bribes from American diplomats to begin negotiations, which led to widespread outrage in the United States once the details were made public. This situation escalated tensions between the two nations and ultimately resulted in an undeclared naval conflict known as the Quasi-War.

The XYZ Affair highlighted the challenges of foreign diplomacy and contributed to the growing divide in American politics, particularly between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. Adams's handling of the situation, especially his decision to avoid full-scale war with France, showcased his commitment to diplomacy, even amid pressure from his party to engage militarily. This episode was pivotal during his presidency, and it played a critical role in shaping public opinion and foreign policy at the time.

Other options, like the War of 1812, occurred after Adams's presidency; the Louisiana Purchase was enacted under Thomas Jefferson; and the Trail of Tears happened much later, reflecting policies of forced removal under the presidency of Andrew Jackson.