In what year did the landmark decision of Marbury v. Madison occur?

The year 1803 is significant in American history as it marks the landmark Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison. This case fundamentally shaped the role of the judiciary in the United States by establishing the principle of judicial review, which allows the Supreme Court to invalidate laws and executive actions that it finds to be unconstitutional. This made the judiciary co-equal with the legislative and executive branches of government, greatly enhancing its power and establishing a check on the other branches.

The decision arose from a dispute over judicial appointments made at the end of President John Adams' administration, and it underscored the tension between federal powers and state rights during this early period of American history. Overall, 1803 serves as a pivotal year, marking a transition in how the judiciary would operate within the framework of the U.S. government.